BTHE BARATELLI INSTITUTE · Mentoring at Scale
FOR FOUNDATION CEOs · CAMPAIGN CHAIRS · DEVELOPMENT VPs · BOARD COMMITTEES

10 percent of donors give 90 percent of the dollars. Plan the pyramid before you plan the campaign.

The gift pyramid is the single most-violated discipline in capital-campaign planning — and the single best predictor of whether a campaign hits goal on time. This tool builds the pyramid backwards from your goal, calibrates prospect-coverage at each tier (4 prospects per gift needed at lead level), checks year-by-year pacing against the quiet-phase threshold, and tells you whether you're ready for public launch or not.

Pyramid
Gifts × tiers
Coverage
Prospects ÷ needed
Quiet → Public
Launch threshold
Pacing
Year-by-year
YOUR CAMPAIGN
1
Campaign basics
2
Gift pyramid
3
Prospect coverage
4
Pacing & progress
5
Results
STAGE 1 OF 5

Campaign basics

Defaults are typical for a mid-size hospital foundation comprehensive campaign — $50M goal over 5 years, with a 65% quiet-phase threshold before public launch.

All-funds, multi-year total. Includes capital, endowment, and current-use as packaged for board approval.
$
Standard hospital / healthcare campaign: 5 years. Higher ed: 5–7. Smaller orgs: 3–5. Add 12-month planning before quiet phase begins.
% of goal secured (signed pledges + cash) before public launch. Industry: 60–70%. Below 60% = launch too early. Above 75% = launch too late, momentum lost.
%
Months elapsed since campaign start (or quiet phase start if pre-public). 0 = brand-new planning. 36 = three years in.
Documented commitments — signed pledge agreements, gift letters, and cash received. Verbal "interest" doesn't count.
$
What "secured" actually means. A campaign secured-to-date number is only credible if every dollar in it has either (a) been received as cash, (b) been documented by a signed pledge agreement, or (c) been confirmed by a board-resolution gift. "Verbal commitment from the lead donor" is not secured — it is a high-confidence pipeline entry. The single most common campaign-planning failure mode is conflating soft commitments with secured dollars at the quiet-phase threshold.
STAGE 2 OF 5

The gift pyramid

Classic campaign rule: lead gift = 10–20% of goal (× 1), major gifts at multiple tiers, broad base of smaller gifts. The defaults below are auto-scaled to your goal — adjust if your campaign architecture differs.

Lead gift — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
20%
Principal — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
20%
Leadership — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
16%
Major — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
15%
Substantial — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
8%
Significant — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
6%
Broad base — $ per gift
$
Number of gifts
% of goal target
5%
The pyramid rule. Top three tiers should fund 50–60% of the goal. If your lead gift is below 10% of goal you have a structural problem — without a credible lead donor, the campaign is fragile. Top-down sequencing matters: lead gift must close before principal-tier asks; principal closes before leadership-tier; etc. A campaign that asks down-pyramid before securing the top is the most common cause of campaign extension or quiet-phase stall.
STAGE 3 OF 5

Prospect coverage at each tier

Standard campaign rule: you need 3–4 identified, qualified prospects for every gift you intend to close at the top tier; ratio narrows to 2–3 mid-tier and ~1.5 at the broad base.

Lead gift — prospects identified
Needed (4× gifts)
Secured
Principal — prospects identified
Needed (4× gifts)
Secured
Leadership — prospects identified
Needed (3× gifts)
Secured
Major — prospects identified
Needed (3× gifts)
Secured
Substantial — prospects identified
Needed (2.5× gifts)
Secured
Significant — prospects identified
Needed (2.3× gifts)
Secured
Broad base — prospects identified
Needed (1.8× gifts)
Secured
STAGE 4 OF 5

Year-by-year pacing

Standard campaign pace: front-loaded — 30–40% closes in years 1–2 (silent phase), 30–35% in years 3–4 (public launch peak), 25–35% in year 5 (final push). Adjust your expected close shape below.

%
%
%
%
%
%
The shape that wins. Front-loaded campaigns close on time. The shape that fails: year 1 at 5–10%, year 2 at 15%, "we'll catch up after public launch" thinking. By the time year 3 arrives without the quiet-phase threshold cleared, momentum reverses — board fatigue sets in, lead donors wonder why they haven\'t been thanked publicly, the campaign extends 18–36 months. The discipline: secure the lead gift before announcing the campaign exists, secure the principal tier before the quiet-phase milestone, secure the leadership tier before public launch.
STAGE 5 OF 5

Campaign pace results

HERE, TRY THESE. THEY MAY HELP.

Capital campaigns die at the lead-gift stage, not the broad base.

The math here is one input. The guides below cover the surrounding architecture: how to actually move a lead donor from cultivation to a $10–25M signed pledge, how to structure naming rights without giving away ceiling value, the campaign counting rules that determine what counts toward goal, and the planned-gift integration that lets families say yes in ways they couldn't otherwise.

Read the Family Office Guide Read Estate Planning Decoded All free tools
This is not tax, legal, financial, or fundraising advice. Consult counsel and your CPA. Industry benchmarks shown are illustrative — verify against your peer institutions, your campaign counsel, and your prior campaign history before relying on any number. Gift-pyramid math is a planning framework, not a guarantee — actual campaign results depend on lead-gift cultivation, board engagement, and campaign-counting policy (the rules for what counts toward goal vary by sector and institution). Estimates only.
WANT THE METHODOLOGY BEHIND THIS TOOL?
This calculator pairs with Family Office Guide and Estate Planning Decoded.
The tool gives you the pyramid math. The guides give you the surrounding workflow — principal-gift cultivation, family-office decision processes, planned-gift integration with capital campaigns, and the campaign-counting rules that determine what flows into goal.
Methodology references: FO Guide Ch 9 (Philanthropy operating model) and EPD Ch 6 (Charitable vehicles & planned giving).
Read the Family Office Guide → Browse all guides
PROFESSIONAL DISCLAIMER · PLEASE READ

Educational and informational purposes only. This calculator and any output it produces are intended solely for general educational and decision-support purposes. They do not constitute investment, tax, legal, accounting, or fundraising-counsel advice, and they do not create a fiduciary, attorney-client, accountant-client, or advisor-client relationship of any kind.

Estimates based on your inputs. Gift-pyramid, coverage-ratio, and pacing outputs are estimates derived from the prospect counts, gift sizes, and conversion assumptions you provide. Industry benchmarks shown are illustrative and vary materially by sector (healthcare, higher education, arts, social services), geography, institutional age, prior campaign history, and economic environment. Campaign-counting rules (what counts toward goal, treatment of deferred gifts, government grant inclusion, etc.) vary by institution and by campaign counsel; verify with your campaign counsel before relying on any number.

Consult your own qualified professionals. Before acting on anything calculated here, consult your campaign counsel, fundraising-counsel firm, CPA (for 990 reporting and pledge-receivable treatment), and attorney (for pledge-agreement language, gift-acceptance policy, and naming-rights enforceability). The Baratelli Institute is a publisher of practitioner reference material. It is not a registered investment adviser, fundraising-counsel firm, law firm, or accounting firm.

Co-branded versions: If a professional advisor's name and contact information appear on this tool, that advisor has elected to make the tool available to clients as a courtesy. Inclusion of an advisor's name does not constitute the advisor's endorsement of any specific result, nor does it transfer professional responsibility for the underlying methodology to that advisor. The disclaimer above applies regardless of co-branding.

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